IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

Firdos Jahan ¹, Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani ¹, Asthm A. Parveen ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., IN
2 Department of Psychology, Women's College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Traditionally, psychologists and other professionals have been relying on the notion of punishment to deal with challenging and maladaptive behaviours of children with special needs and even with well functioning children. It had worked and had lead to significant changes in challenging behaviours of children. It followed strict behavioural approach. The new approach to deal with challenging behaviours that has emerged is a blend of positive psychology and applied behavioural analysis. This is often known as positive behavioral support. This is more broad based approach focusing on children's strengths, context of the behaviour and motivations behind those behaviours. Positive behavioral support (PBS) is a comprehensive, research-based proactive approach to behavioral support that endeavors to generate comprehensive change for children with challenging behavior. It involves identifying the purpose of challenging behavior, teaching appropriate alternative responses that serve the same purpose as the challenging behavior, consistently rewarding positive behaviors and minimizing the rewards for challenging behavior, and minimizing the physiological, environmental, and curricular elements that trigger challenging behavior. Proven PBS strategies include altering the classroom environment, increasing predictability and scheduling, increasing choice making, reinforcing positive behaviors, and teaching replacement skills. The current paper will focus on the various positive behavioral support strategies that are helpful in working with children displaying challenging behaviours.

Keywords

Positive Behaviour Support, Challenging Behaviour, Applied Behaviour Analysis.

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Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani ¹, Firdos Jahan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, IN
2 Jubilant Psyche Solution Clinic, Aligarh, U.P., IN

Abstract

Autism is one of the common disabilities in children. It is considered as a neurocognitive disorder with significant social impairments, language and speech issues and repetitive behaviors called as stereotypies. Behavioral anomalies like self injurious behaviors and other comorbities like ADHD, mental retardation, seizures are common among children with Autism. Genetics play a significant role in the etiology of autism. Initially, behavioral interventions were the only mode of intervention in this condition. Recently, however, multi disciplinary approach is used in the management of autism. The aim of interventions is not cure but improving and maximizing functional abilities of the patients. The current paper will focus on the various psychological approaches being utilized in the management of autism.

Keywords

Autism, Behavioral Anomalies, Behavioral Interventions.

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Firdos Jahan ¹, Deoshree Akhouri ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Psychiatry, J.N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Caregivers of any patients goes through a lot of difficulty in caring. They provide emotional support to the patients along with their proper treatment caring for patients with dementia is challenging, demanding and stressful and it negatively effect the mental and physical health of caregivers. There are very few studies have examined the effectiveness of MBSR in caregivers of dementia for improving their level of mindfulness and reducing worries. 20 patients with their caregivers were taken from Psychiatry OPD, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. They were randomly divided into 2 groups namely experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=10) only experimental group Dementia patient's caregivers were taken for MBSR intervention. Both groups were assessed on Perm worry state questionnaire at baseline and after MBSR intervention and Toranto mindfulness scale was administered only on experimental group at pre and post. After MBSR intervention experimental group are caregivers found significantly reduction in worry in comparison to control group and experimental groups caregivers also found improvement in state of mindfulness. Results indicated that MBSR intervention significantly reduced worry and increase mindful-state among caregivers of dementia.

Keywords

Caregivers, Dementia, Mindfulness, Worry, Stress.

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